IMO 的 2030 年和 2050 年减排目标对航运业提出了挑战，要求其寻找创新的解决方案来降低其集体碳足迹，包括使用低碳和零碳燃料。

作为行业较为成熟的燃料选择，液化天然气（LNG）结合新技术和运营措施可用于实现2030年减排目标。

生物燃料是与燃料油具有相似成分和特性的液态烃燃料，但它们是由可再生资源（生物质）生产的，例如农作物、农业和林业废弃物、动物废弃物或植物和动物脂肪。

甲醇，也称为甲醇或木醇，可在全球范围内获得，并且已在各种应用中使用了数十年。它可以在船上用作内燃机的燃料或燃料电池操作的燃料源。

氨被认为是燃料选择的主要竞争者，为船东和运营商提供零碳罐到尾流排放概况。然而，与任何新技术一样，在将氨用作船用燃料时，必须考虑几个挑战和方面。

政策制定者和监管机构以及能源和运输部门的领导者已将发展氢经济视为提供可持续和清洁能源未来的潜在长期解决方案。实现这一目标将需要从清洁、可再生资源中生产氢气以及燃料电池技术的商业化。

The IMO’s 2030 and 2050 targets have challenged the maritime industry to find innovative solutions to lower its collective carbon footprint including the utilization of low and zero carbon fuels. 

As the industry’s more mature fuel option, liquefied natural gas (LNG) combined with new technologies and operational measures can be utilized to meet the 2030 emissions-reduction goals.  

Biofuels are liquid hydrocarbon fuels of similar composition and properties to fuel oil, but they are produced from renewable sources (biomass) such as crops, agricultural and forestry waste, animal waste, or vegetable and animal fats.  

Methanol, also called methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is available worldwide and has been used in a variety of applications for many decades.   It may be used onboard ships as fuel for internal combustion engines or as a fuel source for fuel cell operation.

Ammonia is considered a leading contender for fuel options, offering ship owners and operators a zero-carbon tank-to-wake emissions profile. 

Developing a hydrogen economy has been seen by policy-makers and regulators, as well as leaders in the energy and transport sectors, as the potential long-term solution to provide a sustainable and clean energy future.

Making this a reality will require the production of hydrogen from clean, renewable sources and the commercialization of fuel cell technology.  Thus, fuel supplied directly from hydrogen sources, rather than through the reforming of other hydrogen carriers is the preferred option to produce a sustainable fuel for the shipping industry.