2022 年联合国海洋会议于6 月 27 日至 7 月 1 日在里斯本举行。该公约由葡萄牙和肯尼亚政府赞助，继 2017 年在纽约举行的此类会议之后举行。里斯本有来自 150 多个国家的 7000 名参与者，其中包括几个 IMarEST 成员。在“蓝色”和“绿色”区域举办了许多与 IMarEST 相关的附带活动，以及许多混合和虚拟会议。该会议是为数不多的联合国会议之一，致力于实现独特的可持续发展目标，即SDG 14 水下生物。在这方面，该场地为促进联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年提供了一个理想的机会。

会议和会外活动的形式允许进行几次相对较短的介绍。尽管如此，联合国海洋会议还是探讨了一些重要的公告和主题。主题包括气候变化的影响和缓解、塑料污染、海洋酸化、幽灵渔具，以及将性别平等作为海洋工业和科学的优先事项。一些国家承诺保护 30% 的领土海洋环境。乌拉圭将在 2030 年前实现 30% 的目标，今年将从 1% 提高到 10%。葡萄牙拥有欧洲最大的专属经济区，在马德拉岛建立了一个重要的海洋保护区。

正如所料，会议强调了联合国海洋十年的若干活动。一场题为“海洋十年联盟”的会议邀请了来自世界各地的几位高级政要，包括总统和总理。与 UNESCO-IOC 合作，他们的行动呼吁承诺他们的国家、网络和个人提高对海洋困境的认识；发展和加强政府、政府间组织、非政府组织、学术界、工业界和慈善基金会之间的伙伴关系；支持与最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和内陆国家的伙伴关系。国家领导人描述了已采取或正在进行的一些具体行动。何汉。肯尼亚共和国总统乌胡鲁·肯雅塔 (Uhuru Kenyatta) 概述了该国的项目，包括红树林保护计划，以及帮助妇女进行海鲜收获和产品开发。葡萄牙共和国总统马塞洛·雷贝洛·德索萨阁下指出，已经建立了四个金融机制来支持海洋科学，包括建立国家海洋数据中心。葡萄牙在海洋素养方面取得了长足的进步，获得了欧洲奖项，获得了国际认可。帕劳共和国总统 Surangel Whipps Jr. 强调，需要对海洋科学进行新的投资，以实现可持续的海洋管理——共享海洋，重点是利用本土知识。包括建立国家海洋数据中心。葡萄牙在海洋素养方面取得了长足的进步，获得了欧洲奖项，获得了国际认可。帕劳共和国总统 Surangel Whipps Jr. 强调，需要对海洋科学进行新的投资，以实现可持续的海洋管理——共享海洋，重点是利用本土知识。包括建立国家海洋数据中心。葡萄牙在海洋素养方面取得了长足的进步，获得了欧洲奖项，获得了国际认可。帕劳共和国总统 Surangel Whipps Jr. 强调，需要对海洋科学进行新的投资，以实现可持续的海洋管理——共享海洋，重点是利用本土知识。

另一场相关会议题为“海洋十年论坛：为海洋行动创造关键知识”。国家代表强调了不同的问题：国家和国际伙伴关系；需要共享数据和知识；了解对海洋的多重影响的要求；海洋素养；性别平等；和早期职业海洋专业人员的培训（即不仅仅是科学家）。一个演讲描述了协同设计——一个与不同学科的人合作以产生特定背景知识的过程。这种跨学科方法旨在促进跨科学/政策鸿沟的交流。一个关键方面是从一开始就计划项目的可持续性，而不是“直升机科学”。强调与当地社区合作的必要性，共同设计将传统和西方知识系统结合在一起。本次会议还宣布了一些海洋十年合作中心（NOAA 服务和海岸带管理、墨卡托海洋国际和博洛尼亚大学）。

值得注意的是，联合国粮食及农业组织 (FOA) 发布了 2022 年世界渔业和水产养殖状况 (SOFIA) - 迈向蓝色转型. 这份综合报告为海洋生物资源的未来安保和安全提出了令人鼓舞的前景。一些重要声明强调，2019 年全球 82.5% 的收成是可持续捕捞的，海藻是一种日益重要的食物来源，年收成 3600 万吨。全球收获包括近 3000 个捕捞渔业物种，以及 652 个水产养殖物种。渔业提供良好的营养和生计，渔业价值链中的性别均等显着。粮农组织总干事屈冬玉总结说，渔业具有养活世界不断增长的人口的潜力，但必须进行可持续管理，前景乐观。

IMarEST 普遍感兴趣的是一场以联合国系统和世界各地的伙伴关系为主题的会议。IMO 和 UNDP 联合主办了一场以航运和渔业为重点的会议。IMO 秘书长 Kitack Lim 概述了过去保护海洋的政策，特别是与塑料和海洋垃圾有关的政策。根据 Bård Vegar Solhjell（挪威发展合作署 (NORAD) 的说法，每分钟有 15 吨塑料流入海洋，解决塑料污染仍然至关重要，尤其是对于手工渔民的生计而言。Jose Matheickal (IMO) 强调了他们的Glo-Litter 和最近的 Glo-Noise 已经加入了 Glo-ballast、Glo-foouling 和 GloMEEP（全球海上能源效率合作伙伴）项目。

GESAMP 主席 David Vousden 被引用为与联合国系统合作的一个很好的例子，他提供了一个历史背景。海洋环境保护科学问题联合专家组 (GESAMP) 是一个咨询机构，成立于 1969 年，就海洋环境保护的科学问题向联合国系统提供建议。在 IMO 的支持下，GESAMP 为 11 个联合国机构提供建议，尤其是向 IMO 的 MEPC 和 MARPOL 提供建议。多年来，工作组数量众多，有大量特定主题的报告，包括例如 34 份关于压载水的报告、43 份关于海洋垃圾的报告和 44 份关于生物污损管理的报告。 

最后，本着乐观和承诺的精神，会议普遍通过了《里斯本宣言》——我们的海洋、我们的未来、我们的责任，以段落结尾

“我们知道，通过健康、多产、可持续和有弹性的海洋恢复与自然的和谐对我们的星球、我们的生活和我们的未来至关重要。我们呼吁所有利益攸关方紧急采取雄心勃勃的协调行动，加快实施，尽快实现目标 14，不得无故拖延。”

    The UN Ocean Conference 2022 was held in Lisbon 27 June to 1 July. Sponsored by the Governments of Portugal and Kenya, this convention followed on from the 2017 such meeting held in New York. There were 7000 participants from more than 150 countries in Lisbon, including several IMarEST members. Numerous side events of relevance to IMarEST were held both in the “blue” and “green” zones, together with many hybrid and virtual sessions. The meeting comprised one of the few UN conferences dedicated to a unique Sustainable Development Goal, namely SDG 14 Life below Water. In this vein, the venue provided an ideal opportunity to promote the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

    The format of the sessions and side events was such as to allow several relatively short presentations. Nevertheless, a number of important announcements and themes were explored at the UN Ocean Conference. Topics encompassed the impact and mitigation of climate change, plastic pollution, ocean acidification, ghost fishing gear, and setting gender parity as a priority in marine industry and science. There were commitments from several countries to protect 30% of territorial marine environments. Uruguay would achieve 30% target by 2030, with an increase from 1% to 10% this year. Portugal, having the largest EEZ in Europe, established a substantial Marine Protected Area in Madeira. A crucial aspect of global partnerships going forward is the recognition that Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are actually Large Ocean States having national jurisdiction over for millions of square kilometres.

    As might be expected, the Conference highlighted several events dedicated to the UN Ocean Decade. One session entitled Ocean Decade Alliance featured several high-level dignitaries from around the world, including Presidents and Prime Ministers. Working with UNESCO-IOC, their Call to Action committed their nations, networks and individuals to raise awareness of the ocean’s plight; develop and reinforce partnerships across governments, IGOs, NGOs, academia, industry, and philanthropic foundations; and support partnerships with least developed nations, Small Island Developing States, and land-locked countries. Some specific actions taken or underway were described by national leaders. H.E. Hon. Uhuru Kenyatta, the President of the Republic of Kenya, outlined projects in his country including a programme for mangrove protection, as well as helping women for seafood harvesting and product development. H.E Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, the President of the Portuguese Republic, noted that four financial mechanisms had been created to support ocean science, including the establishment of a National Oceanic Data Centre. Portugal had made strong strides in Ocean Literacy, recognised internationally by winning a European award. H.E. Surangel Whipps Jr., the President of the Republic of Palau stressed the need for new investments in ocean science for sustainable ocean management- shared ocean, with an emphasis on utilizing indigenous knowledge.

    Another relevant session was entitled Ocean Decade Forum: Generating critical knowledge for ocean action. National delegates emphasised varying issues: national and international partnerships; need to share data and knowledge; requirement to understand multiple impacts on ocean; ocean literacy; gender equity; and training of early career ocean professionals (i.e. not just scientists). One presentation described Co-design – a collaborative process with people of differing disciplines to produce context specific knowledge. This transdisciplinary approach is intended to facilitate communications across the science / policy divide. A key facet is to plan for project sustainability from the outset, as opposed to “helicopter science”. Emphasising the necessity to work with local communities, co-design brings together traditional and western knowledge systems. This session also announced a number of the Ocean Decade Collaborative Centres (NOAA Services and Coastal Zone Management, Mercator Ocean International, and the University of Bologna).

    Significantly, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FOA) launched The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) 2022 - Towards Blue Transformation. This comprehensive report presented an encouraging outlook for the future security and safety of marine bioresources. A couple of key statements stressed that 82.5% of the global harvest was sustainably caught in 2019, and that seaweed constitutes an increasingly critical food source with an annual harvest of 36 M tons. The global harvest comprised nearly 3000 species in capture fisheries, together with 652 species raised in aquaculture. Fisheries provides good nutrition and livelihoods, significantly with gender parity in the fisheries value chain. QU Dongyu, the Director General of the FAO, concluded with a positive prospect that fisheries have the potential to feed world’s growing population, but must be managed sustainably.

    Of general interest to IMarEST was a session featuring partnerships across the UN system and around the world. The IMO and UNDP jointly sponsored a session focusing on shipping and fisheries. Kitack Lim, the Secretary General of the IMO, outlined past policies for protecting ocean, especially relating to plastics and marine litter. According to Bård Vegar Solhjell (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), with 15 tons of plastic going into the ocean every minute, it remains critical to tackle plastic pollution, especially for the livelihood of artisanal fishers. Jose Matheickal (IMO) highlighted their successful family of Glo- programmes. The well-established Glo-ballast, Glo-fouling and GloMEEP (Global Maritime Energy Efficiency Partnerships) projects have been joined by Glo-Litter and most recently Glo-Noise. Andy Hudson (UNDP) described the origins and history of the highly successful Glo-ballast UNDP/IMO GEF project.

    Cited as an excellent example of partnership with the UN System, David Vousden the Chair of GESAMP provided a historical background. The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) is an advisory body established in 1969, that advises the United Nations system on the scientific aspects of marine environmental protection. Supported by the IMO, GESAMP advises 11 UN Agencies, and notably provides advice to IMO’s MEPC and MARPOL. Working Groups have been prolific over the years, with numerous topic specific reports, including for example 34 on ballast water, 43 on marine litter and 44 on biofouling management. 

    Finally in a spirit of optimism and commitment, the conference universally adopted The Lisbon Declaration - Our ocean, our future, our responsibility , concluding with the paragraph

“We know that restoring harmony with nature through a healthy, productive, sustainable and resilient ocean is critical for our planet, our lives and our future. We call upon all stakeholders to urgently take ambitious and concerted action to accelerate implementation to achieve Goal 14 as soon as possible without undue delay.”